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In the first study, Amytis Towfighi, M.D., of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, and colleagues analyzed data from U.S. adults age 35 to 54 who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (nationally representative surveys conducted by the government) during 1988 to 1994 (4,326 participants) and 1999 to 2004 (4,075 participants).

The researchers assessed how often men and women had heart attacks and also compared their Framingham coronary risk score, a measurement of heart disease risk over 10 years that includes factors such as age, cholesterol levels, blood pressure and smoking history.While the incidence of heart attacks has increased, all women - and especially those younger than 55 - have also experienced a greater increase than men in their chances of survival following a heart attack.

Two new US studies have shown that heart attacks have become more common in middle-aged women over the past two decades.In both study periods, men age 35 to 54 years had more heart attacks than women in the same age group. However, the gap narrowed in more recent years as heart attacks decreased in prevalence among men and increased in prevalence among women (2.5 percent of men and 0.7 percent of women reported a history of heart attack in 1988-1994, whereas 2.2 percent of men and 1 percent of women did so in 1999-2004).

"Although men in their midlife years continue to have a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction and a higher 10-year risk of hard coronary heart disease than women of similar age, our study suggests that the risk is increasing in women, while decreasing in men," the authors said. The only risk factor that improved among women was HDL levels. Diabetes prevalence increased among both men and women, likely due to insulin resistance and the obesity epidemic in both sexes.
 
While the incidence of heart attacks has increased, all women - and especially those younger than 55 - have also experienced a greater increase than men in their chances of survival following a heart attack.

In the first study, Amytis Towfighi, M.D., of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, and colleagues analyzed data from U.S. adults age 35 to 54 who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (nationally representative surveys conducted by the government) during 1988 to 1994 (4,326 participants) and 1999 to 2004 (4,075 participants).

The researchers assessed how often men and women had heart attacks and also compared their Framingham coronary risk score, a measurement of heart disease risk over 10 years that includes factors such as age, cholesterol levels, blood pressure and smoking history.

In both study periods, men age 35 to 54 years had more heart attacks than women in the same age group. However, the gap narrowed in more recent years as heart attacks decreased in prevalence among men and increased in prevalence among women (2.5 percent of men and 0.7 percent of women reported a history of heart attack in 1988-1994, whereas 2.2 percent of men and 1 percent of women did so in 1999-2004).

Between the two time periods, the average Framingham coronary risk score showed an improving trend among men but decreased among women.
In male participants, total cholesterol levels remained stable, high-density lipoprotein (HDL or "good" cholesterol) levels and systolic (top number) blood pressure levels improved and smoking levels declined.

The only risk factor that improved among women was HDL levels. Diabetes prevalence increased among both men and women, likely due to insulin resistance and the obesity epidemic in both sexes.

"Although men in their midlife years continue to have a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction and a higher 10-year risk of hard coronary heart disease than women of similar age, our study suggests that the risk is increasing in women, while decreasing in men," the authors said.

In the second study, Viola Vaccarino, M.D., Ph.D., of Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, and colleagues investigated trends in the rate of in-hospital deaths following heart attack from June 1, 1994, through Dec. 31, 2006. Data were collected from 916,380 patients through the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction.

In-hospital death rates decreased among all patients between 1994 and 2006, but decreased more markedly in women than in men. The reduced risk of death was largest in women younger than 55 years (a 52.9 percent reduction) and lowest in men of the same age (33.3 percent). The absolute decrease in the risk of death among patients younger than 55 was three times larger in women (2.7 percent) than men (0.9 percent).

"A large part (93 percent) of this sharper decrease in mortality of younger women compared with men in recent years was because the risk status of women on admission improved compared with that of men," the authors said.

The two studies appear in the October 26 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine , one of the JAMA/Archives journals .

(edited by Tim)

Detroit Medical Center has ordered about 35,000 doses of H1N1, but only has 100 or so for pregnant women, said Dr. Michelle Schreiber, chief quality officer. Henry Ford Health System spokesman David Olejarz said their H1N1 vaccine schedule was not available.

The vaccinations are intended for high-risk groups: pregnant women, those ages 6 months to 24, those living with babies 6 months or younger, adults ages 25 to 64 with conditions like asthma, health care workers and first-responders.

Those 10 and older are to get one dose, said Mary Mazur, Wayne County Department of Public Health spokeswoman, and children 6 months to 9 years are to get two doses, spaced one month apart.

All hope seemed lost for the science community. They doubted the possibility of ever finding a vaccine against AIDS, after the unexplained failure of a Merck vaccine testing in 2007. Last year, Roche had even announced that they would only concentrate their efforts on existing treatments. The results of a study conducted in Thailand, presented Thursday, have partly reassured researchers. The tests succeeded in reducing the risk of infection by almost one third.

Laura Darcel, communications officer for the U.S. Army, in charge of the project alongside the Thai Ministry of Health, does not want to raise false hopes. Meanwhile a UN report has indicated that the HIV virus, since its discovery in the 1980s, has killed 25 million people, further revealing that it will take “many years of research” before a vaccine is found. The UN’s announcement defies another statement made by Robert Gallo, a renowned American researcher, in the journal Midi Libre on Tuesday. He expressed his belief in the possibility of the discovery of a vaccine in the next “6 to 10 years”. Gallo is involved in one of 18 other vaccine research projects primarily funded by the Bill Gates Foundation.

For the first time since the discovery of the virus, scientists have statistical evidence of the effectiveness of a preventive vaccine. The WHO and UNAIDS are cautiously pleased with the results of the three-year study, conducted in Thailand. 16 000 HIV negative persons aged between18 and 30 years, were divided into two test groups. The first received a dose of vaccine every six months. The second was injected with a placebo at the same time interval. At the end of the experiment, the vaccinated group registered 31.1% less HIV positive cases vis-à-vis the placebo group, that is 51 infections in the first group against 74 in the second.

The research team’s main worry is that the vaccine has no effect on the level of HIV in the blood. The drugs effect is only preventive, for now. Another worrying issue is the transferability of the vaccine outside of Asia, particularly in what concerns the African strain of the virus. Despite the headway made so far in the search for a vaccine against HIV/AIDS, questions remain over plunging funds from the international community. The volume of international funding for research fell from $ 930 million in 2007 to 870 million in 2008.

July this year, South African Council for Medical Research (South African Medical Research Council - MRC) launched of Phase I of the first testing from a South African vaccine research to ascertain that the vaccine is safe for human use and also to measure the level of response from the immune system. The HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) in collaboration with the South African AIDS Vaccine Initiative (SAAVI) from the MRC was to conduct the testing.

In the meantimes, experts have said that positive results from the Thai trial would augur well for the South African vaccine due to the similarities in both method and drugs used. This South African challenge, if achieved, will be attributed to Africa, a continent widely accused as being the author of HIV.